HS Code Lookup Guide: How to Find the Right Classification

Harmonized System (HS) codes are the backbone of international trade. Getting them wrong can result in customs delays, fines, or even seizure of goods. This guide will help you find the correct HS code for your products.

What is an HS Code?

The Harmonized System (HS) is an internationally standardized system of names and numbers to classify traded products. Developed by the World Customs Organization (WCO), it's used by customs authorities worldwide.

HS Code Structure:

• First 2 digits: Chapter (product category)
• Next 2 digits: Heading (product group)
• Last 2 digits: Subheading (specific product)
• Additional digits: Country-specific extensions (8-12 digits)

Example: 6109.10

• 61 = Knitted or crocheted articles of apparel
• 09 = T-shirts, singlets, and other vests
• 10 = Of cotton

Why HS Codes Matter

1. Duty Calculation

Customs authorities use HS codes to determine applicable tariff rates

2. Trade Statistics

Governments track imports and exports using HS codes

3. Regulatory Compliance

Some products face quotas, restrictions, or special licenses based on HS codes

4. Trade Agreements

Preferential tariff rates under FTAs are determined by HS codes

How to Find Your HS Code

Method 1: Official HS Database

1. Visit the WCO HS Database or your country's customs website
2. Search by product description or keyword
3. Navigate through the hierarchical structure
4. Verify the detailed product description

Recommended Resources:

• WCO Harmonized System Database
• USITC HTS Search (for USA)
• EU TARIC Database (for European Union)

Method 2: Customs Ruling Database

Many customs authorities publish advance rulings - decisions on how specific products were classified. These can be invaluable references.

Steps:

1. Visit your country's customs ruling database
2. Search for similar products
3. Review the reasoning behind classifications
4. Apply similar logic to your product

Method 3: Consult with Experts

For complex or high-value shipments:

• Customs Brokers: Experienced in classification
• Trade Consultants: Specialists in tariff engineering
• Freight Forwarders: Often provide classification assistance

Common HS Code Mistakes to Avoid

❌ Mistake #1: Using Generic Descriptions

"Electronics" is too vague - be specific (smartphones, LED bulbs, etc.)

❌ Mistake #2: Assuming Codes Never Change

HS codes are updated every 5 years - verify you're using the current version

❌ Mistake #3: Ignoring Material Composition

A cotton shirt has a different code than a polyester shirt

❌ Mistake #4: Not Considering Product Function

Classification depends on primary function, not appearance

❌ Mistake #5: Copying Competitor Codes

Their classification might be wrong - do your own research

Country-Specific Considerations

United States (HTS)

• 10-digit codes
• Managed by USITC
• Updated annually

European Union (TARIC)

• 10-digit codes
• Includes EU-specific measures
• Updated regularly

China (HS Code)

• 13-digit codes
• Very detailed classification
• Strict enforcement

Step-by-Step Classification Process

Step 1: Identify the Material

What is the product primarily made of?

Step 2: Determine the Function

What is its primary use or purpose?

Step 3: Find the Chapter

Use the HS chapter list to find the appropriate category

Step 4: Narrow to Heading

Review headings within the chapter

Step 5: Select Subheading

Find the most specific description

Step 6: Verify

Cross-check with customs databases and rulings

Practical Examples

Example 1: Cotton T-Shirt

• Chapter 61: Knitted apparel
• Heading 6109: T-shirts, singlets
• Subheading 6109.10: Of cotton
• HS Code: 6109.10

Example 2: LED Light Bulb

• Chapter 85: Electrical machinery
• Heading 8539: Light bulbs
• Subheading 8539.50: LED lamps
• HS Code: 8539.50

Example 3: Wooden Furniture

• Chapter 94: Furniture
• Heading 9403: Other furniture
• Subheading 9403.60: Wooden furniture
• HS Code: 9403.60

Getting it Right

1. Be Specific: Include all relevant details (material, function, size)
2. Document Everything: Keep records of your classification research
3. Seek Advance Rulings: For valuable or complex products
4. Update Regularly: Verify codes before each major shipment
5. Train Your Team: Ensure everyone understands classification importance

When in Doubt

If you're unsure about classification:

• Request an advance ruling from customs
• Consult with a licensed customs broker
• Contact the manufacturer for technical specifications
• Review official classification notes

Conclusion

Correct HS code classification is essential for smooth customs clearance and cost management. While it may seem complex, following this systematic approach will help you find the right codes for your products.

Remember: When creating your commercial invoice, always include the complete HS code for each item. Our invoice generator makes this easy with dedicated HS code fields!